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Early Communication – Objects of Reference (OoR)


An object of reference is an object that you can hold or touch that represents:

  • A person
  • A place
  • An activity
  • A concept

These need to be consistent and shouldn’t change.

Some examples

  • A piece of swimming noodle or towel to represent swimming lessons or hydrotherapy.
  • A fork for lunch time
  •  A ball for break time

It is important to choose ones that best suit your needs.

Objects of Reference can help

  • Understand what is coming next – helps to anticipate events.
  • Request to do something or go somewhere
  • Make choices

Top tips

  • Use the same objects to mean the same things – use consistently across the setting if possible.
  • Start with a few objects for regular activities.
  • Have the object of reference repeated at the destination to support the connection between the object and its meaning.
  • Use consistently between the setting and home.