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Executive functioning


Inhibitory control

  • Identification – what you may see in the child or young person

    • Calls out frequently.
    • Finds it difficult to stop and think before engaging in a task and may just default to a familiar, but inappropriate, approach.
    • Seems impulsive.
    • Finds it hard to wait.
  • Planned provision in school

    Based on need, some of this provision will be effective.

    • Explicitly model, teach and practise waiting. For some children this will need to start with practising initial hesitation (stopping for a short period before continuing): more information can be found in Elklan’s Communication Builders for Complex Needs.
    • Play games that require stopping, for example, the traffic light game or Simon Says.
    • Play games that involve turn-taking (begin with games/activities that involve a very short period of waiting and build up gradually from there). Provide a visual reminder for whose ‘turn’ it is.
    • Give explicit opportunities for older children and young people to reflect on their inhibitory control by playing age-appropriate card games and board games.
    • Teach and practice alternatives to ‘calling out’ and provide visual reminders for these. For example, provide a jotter, so the child or young person can write down their thoughts. Review strategies for checking for understanding to minimise the needs for ‘hands up.’
    • Provide mentoring, where a key adult can ‘think aloud’ to model the thought processes involved in stopping and thinking before acting.