This graphic illustrates the learning and employment routes beginning at age 13. The options expand at age 16 and then change again at age 18. The options are split into three categories; academic, vocational and employment.
More details about these options
Academic
- A levels
A levels are subject-based qualifications, usually assessed by an exam taken at the end of two years. Most people study three or four A levels, although they may choose to substitute one of their A level choices for a level 3 BTEC Extended Certificate (equivalent of one A level).
Entry requirements: Usually at least five GCSEs at grades 9-4/A*-C, with additional specific grade requirements depending on your chosen subjects.
- T Levels
Two year technical courses equivalent to three A levels. Find out more about T Levels.T
Vocational
- Foundation learning
Foundation learning courses combine practical and vocational experiences with maths, English and ICT for learners not ready for a full level 2 course. It may include supported work based learning or volunteering, or developing skills for independent living and work.
Entry requirements: These programmes are for learners with additional learning needs. There are usually no formal qualification requirements
- Supported internships
For young people aged 16 to 24 with learning difficulties or learning disabilities, who want to get a job and need extra support to do this (normally through an EHC plan).
- Re-engagement programmes
Diverse programmes to support young people to have confidence and motivation to get back into learning or training.
Entry requirements: There are usually no formal entry requirements.
- Applied and vocational
Qualifications with an emphasis on developing practical skills for employment which may allow access to higher education if taken at level 5.
Entry requirements: This will depend on the individual course, including the qualification level. Check individual college or training providers’ websites.
Employment
- Apprenticeship
/Apprenticeships offer training for a job while working with an employer, alongside study for an associated qualification. You get paid while working. Find out more about apprenticeships.
Apprenticeships are offered at four levels:
Intermediate (Level 2 – GCSE equivalent)
Entry requirements: Need to be aged 16 or over and be able to complete the programme. Specific GCSE requirements will depend on the employer or training provider (or both).
Advanced (level 3 – A level equivalent)
Entry requirements: Usually three or more GCSEs, depends on the employer or training provider.
Higher (level 4-7 – HNC to masters degree equivalent)
Entry requirements: Usually at least five GCSEs at grade 9-4/A*-C, as well as a level 3 qualification (A levels, level 3 BTEC, T Level, advanced apprenticeship). Some opportunities require qualifications relevant to the particular apprenticeship.
Degree (level 6-7 – bachelors or masters degree equivalent.
Entry requirements: Usually at least five GCSEs at grade 9-4/A*-C, as well as a level 3 qualification (A levels, level 3 BTEC, T Level, advanced apprenticeship). Many employers expect or require qualifications relevant to the particular apprenticeship.
- Employment with training
A paid job that offers accredited or non-accredited training that will help you to do that job.
- Employment support
For more information about employment support please contact Jobcentre Plus.
Course types and entry levels
| Level | Qualification type |
|---|---|
| Entry level | Foundation learning tier Supported internships |
| Level 1 | Foundation learning tier Applied and vocational qualification, for example, BTEC, OCR, City & Guilds Re-engagement programmes GCSE 1–3 |
| Level 2 | Applied and vocational qualification, for example, BTEC, OCR, City & Guilds Intermediate apprenticeship GCSE grade 4–9 |
| Level 3 | A level T-Level Advanced apprenticeship Applied and vocational qualification, for example, BTEC, OCR, City & Guilds |
| Level 4+ | Higher education Higher or degree apprenticeship |