{"id":1158,"date":"2016-02-08T10:05:05","date_gmt":"2016-02-08T10:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/?page_id=1158"},"modified":"2021-10-04T14:47:04","modified_gmt":"2021-10-04T13:47:04","slug":"south-devon-rapid-coastal-zone-assessment-nmp-project","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/the-devon-historic-environment-record\/south-devon-rapid-coastal-zone-assessment-nmp-project\/","title":{"rendered":"South Devon Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment NMP Project"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Between 2013 and 2014 an <a href=\"https:\/\/historicengland.org.uk\/research\/approaches\/research-methods\/airborne-remote-sensing\/aerial-photographs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">archaeological aerial survey<\/a> of the south Devon coastline was completed by a project team of staff from AC Archaeology and Devon County Council. This used <a href=\"https:\/\/historicengland.org.uk\/research\/approaches\/research-methods\/airborne-remote-sensing\/aerial-investigation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Mapping Programme<\/a> (NMP) methods and was commissioned by English Heritage (now <a href=\"https:\/\/historicengland.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Historic England<\/a>) as the first component of a \u2018Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment\u2019 to inform <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/shoreline-management-plans-smps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shoreline management<\/a> as the coastline continues to change. The project was hosted within the Devon County Council <a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/the-devon-historic-environment-record\/nd_aonb_nmp\/\">Historic Environment Team<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/projects\/national-mapping-project\/\">Read more about other aerial survey NMP projects in Devon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This project covered 414.5 square kilometres of coast and estuary from Plymouth Unitary Authority in the west to the county boundary with Dorset in the east. The winter storms of 2013-2014 aptly demonstrated the risks to the coastal Historic Environment, with a number of archaeological sites <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV49987\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">revealed<\/a>, and others <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV107367\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">destroyed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1172\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1172\" style=\"width: 1015px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/SidmouthSeawall.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1172\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1172 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/SidmouthSeawall.jpg\" alt=\"Breached sea wall at Sidmouth. AFL EPW013501 June 1925. \u00a9 Historic England (Aerofilms collection). \" width=\"1015\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/SidmouthSeawall.jpg 1015w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/SidmouthSeawall-240x161.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/SidmouthSeawall-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/SidmouthSeawall-800x538.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1015px) 100vw, 1015px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1172\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Breached sea wall at Sidmouth. AFL EPW013501 June 1925. \u00a9 Historic England (Aerofilms collection).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Significant damage to the railway line at Dawlish cut off Brunel\u2019s historic rail link to south Devon and Cornwall for 8 weeks, as comprehensively reported in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-england-26521168\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">national press<\/a> and discussed in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201415\/cmselect\/cmtran\/257\/25710.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">parliament<\/a>. During the survey aerial photographs of a substantial breach in the sea defences at Sidmouth indicate a similar scale of collapse further along the coast in 1925; this was also the subject of <a href=\"http:\/\/hansard.millbanksystems.com\/written_answers\/1925\/mar\/23\/sea-defence-works-sidmouth-grant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">parliamentary debate<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The project consulted well over nine thousand hard copy aerial photographs loaned from the <a href=\"https:\/\/historicengland.org.uk\/images-books\/archive\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Historic England Archive<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.geog.cam.ac.uk\/cucap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cambridge University Collection of Aerial Photography<\/a> and those <a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/the-devon-historic-environment-record\/\">held by Devon County Council<\/a>, as well as <a href=\"https:\/\/historicengland.org.uk\/research\/approaches\/research-methods\/airborne-remote-sensing\/lidar\/\" rel=\"noopener\">lidar<\/a> data and modern digital vertical aerial photographs, particularly from the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.channelcoast.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Channel Coast Observatory<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1158 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"38\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/Historic-England-Logo-e1454947429554.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Historic England Logo\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"58\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2013\/12\/AC-Arch-Logo-small-e1499680604910-120x58.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"AC Archeology logo\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"57\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2013\/12\/DCC-small-e1454947765796-120x57.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Devon County Council logo\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>A total of 1501 archaeological or historic sites were identified from the aerial imagery and recorded on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/the-devon-historic-environment-record\/nd_aonb_nmp\/\">Devon Historic Environment Record<\/a> (HER), available through <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/gateway\/chr\/herdetail.aspx?crit=&amp;ctid=98&amp;id=4788\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Heritage Gateway<\/a>\u00a0and mapped on the <a href=\"http:\/\/map.devon.gov.uk\/DCCviewer\/?bm=OSGreyscale&amp;layers=Historic%20Environment;1;11;12&amp;activeTab=Historic Environment&amp;extent=323638;88928;326204;91344\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Devon Environment Viewer<\/a>. Some of the main themes identified during the survey are summarised below, but much more detail is available in the <a href=\"https:\/\/research.historicengland.org.uk\/Report.aspx?i=15723\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Military defence and fortification<\/h2>\n<p>Although prehistoric hillfort defences (e.g. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV58272\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV58272<\/a>) and post-medieval fortifications were recorded, including interesting (but now built over) defences at Sidmouth (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV14047\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV14047<\/a>) and a possible civil war gun emplacement at East Soar (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV104268\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV104268<\/a>), the survey was dominated by Second World War military remains.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1173\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1173\" style=\"width: 680px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/TheBurrowSeaton.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1173\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1173 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/TheBurrowSeaton-800x345.jpg\" alt=\"\u2018The Burrow\u2019 at Seaton; lost remains of a multi-period defensive site (MDV14047; MDV106009). AFL 60516 EPW023884 SEP-1928. \u00a9 Historic England (Aerofilms collection).\" width=\"680\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/TheBurrowSeaton-800x345.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/TheBurrowSeaton-240x103.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/TheBurrowSeaton-768x331.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/TheBurrowSeaton.jpg 1654w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1173\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u2018The Burrow\u2019 at Seaton; lost remains of a multi-period defensive site (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV14047\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV14047<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV106009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV106009<\/a>). AFL 60516 EPW023884 SEP-1928. \u00a9 Historic England (Aerofilms collection).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The coastal strip was a focus for, and often retains much evidence of, both defensive and offensive activities. A \u2018coastal crust\u2019 of anti-invasion defences could be seen on many of the aerial photographs, for which the historic aerial photographs are often the only evidence, the barbed wire, beach scaffolding and ditches having often been removed or levelled soon after the war ended (e.g. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV105828\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV105828<\/a>). <a name=\"_Toc394407596\"><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1168\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1168\" style=\"width: 240px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/ExmouthCoastalCrust.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1168\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1168 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/ExmouthCoastalCrust-240x179.jpg\" alt=\"Anti-invasion barbed wire apron crossing the estuarine silts around the docks at The Point, Exmouth. NMR SX 9980\/17 MSO 31241\/46 14-AUG-41. Historic England (RAF Photography). \" width=\"240\" height=\"179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/ExmouthCoastalCrust-240x179.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/ExmouthCoastalCrust-768x573.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/ExmouthCoastalCrust-800x597.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/ExmouthCoastalCrust.jpg 1460w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1168\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anti-invasion barbed wire apron crossing the estuarine silts around the docks at The Point, Exmouth. NMR SX 9980\/17 MSO 31241\/46 14-AUG-41. Historic England (RAF Photography).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Structures relating to active coastal and air defence, such as concrete pillboxes, gun batteries and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV39543%5d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">searchlights<\/a>, were often more enduring.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV51626&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">control blocks<\/a> are often the sole surviving elements of decoy sites, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV13885\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">earthworks and temporary structures<\/a> that used lights and fire to simulate military targets having been removed as soon as possible to return the land to agriculture.<\/p>\n<p>Particularly significant are a number of surviving pillboxes along the Taunton Stop Line, one of a number of early Second World War inland defence lines throughout the country intended to trap or slow enemy advance in the event of a successful landing.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV45244&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">range of defensive structures and earthworks<\/a> fortified the natural barrier of the Axe Estuary. The more durable of these have been well recorded and many brick or concrete structures survive (e.g. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV39356\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV39356<\/a>), but the survey added much more detail on less lasting elements of the defences, such as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV72488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">roadblocks<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV106495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ditches, barbed wire obstructions and anti-tank blocks<\/a>. Further to the north a lot of remains have also been recorded in\u00a0the more recent Blackdown Hills NMP project, particularly around Axminster, and these are especially interesting in conjunction with <a href=\"http:\/\/axremembers.actioneastdevon.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stories from local people <\/a>about life in this area during the Second World War.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1170\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1170\" style=\"width: 992px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/HeavyMachineGunEmplacement.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1170\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1170 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/HeavyMachineGunEmplacement.jpg\" alt=\"Heavy machine gun emplacement on the Taunton Stop Line; additional detail on its shape and size was added from the aerial photograph evidence. Photograph: Stephanie Knight\" width=\"992\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/HeavyMachineGunEmplacement.jpg 992w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/HeavyMachineGunEmplacement-240x97.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/HeavyMachineGunEmplacement-768x310.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/HeavyMachineGunEmplacement-800x323.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 992px) 100vw, 992px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1170\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heavy machine gun emplacement on the Taunton Stop Line; additional detail on its shape and size was added from the aerial photograph evidence. Photograph: Stephanie Knight<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>At Slapton, the first day of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage-explorer.co.uk\/web\/he\/searchdetail.aspx?id=11168\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Exercise Tiger<\/a>, a mock assault on Slapton Sands to train troops for the D-Day landings, has been captured on aerial photographs taken by US forces. These sobering images were taken on the day that 300 allied troops lost their lives in a mis-timed bombardment, and a day before the German U-boat attack in which more than 600 more men were killed.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1167\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1167\" style=\"width: 203px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/ExerciseTiger.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1167\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1167 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/ExerciseTiger-203x240.jpg\" alt=\"Mock assault on Slapton Sands as part of Exercise Tiger. US\/30GR\/LOC41 33 27-APR-1944. Historic England (USAAF Photography). \" width=\"203\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/ExerciseTiger-203x240.jpg 203w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/ExerciseTiger-768x908.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/ExerciseTiger-508x600.jpg 508w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/ExerciseTiger.jpg 1181w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 203px) 100vw, 203px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1167\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mock assault on Slapton Sands as part of Exercise Tiger. US\/30GR\/LOC41 33 27-APR-1944. Historic England (USAAF Photography).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The photographs show temporary structures such as pontoons (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV106737\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV106737<\/a>) and bridges (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV106738\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV106738<\/a>) as well as landing craft and barrage balloons that do not have a fixed physical position.<\/p>\n<p>Similar <a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/the-devon-historic-environment-record\/nd_aonb_nmp\/defended-places-offensive-activities\/#mac2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">D-Day preparations,<\/a> captured on aerial photographs, were recorded at Braunton during the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/the-devon-historic-environment-record\/nd_aonb_nmp\/\">North Devon AONB NMP<\/a> survey.<\/p>\n<p>Other training sites have left remains at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/the-devon-historic-environment-record\/nd_aonb_nmp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dalditch Camp<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=104&amp;uid=MDV105337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Holcombe<\/a>. Military infrastructure such as fuel stores, as well as civil defence sites such as air raid shelters, were frequently recorded in <a href=\"https:\/\/research.historicengland.org.uk\/Report.aspx?i=15723\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Torbay<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Agriculture and subsistence<\/h2>\n<p>In some uncultivated areas, especially along the coast, the remains of extensive <a href=\"https:\/\/historicengland.org.uk\/images-books\/publications\/iha-field-systems\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">prehistoric field systems<\/a> survive as low earthwork banks. Their good preservation adds to their significance, and some have been protected as <a href=\"https:\/\/historicengland.org.uk\/listing\/the-list\/list-entry\/1021253\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scheduled Monuments<\/a>. The survey suggests that the field systems in fact extend beyond the scheduled area, for instance at Deckler\u2019s Cliff (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV15083&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV15083<\/a>).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1162\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1162\" style=\"width: 1213px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/AxmouthFieldBoundaries.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1162\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1162 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/AxmouthFieldBoundaries.jpg\" alt=\"Removed curvilinear boundaries at Axmouth overlain onto the late nineteenth century mapping. NMP mapping \u00a9 Historic England. 1880s-1890s 25 Inch First Edition Ordnance Survey mapping \u00a9 Crown copyright and Landmark Information Group Ltd. \" width=\"1213\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/AxmouthFieldBoundaries.jpg 1213w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/AxmouthFieldBoundaries-240x136.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/AxmouthFieldBoundaries-768x436.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/AxmouthFieldBoundaries-800x454.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1213px) 100vw, 1213px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1162\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Removed curvilinear boundaries at Axmouth overlain onto the late nineteenth century mapping. NMP mapping \u00a9 Historic England. 1880s-1890s 25 Inch First Edition Ordnance Survey mapping \u00a9 Crown copyright and Landmark Information Group Ltd.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>However disused medieval field boundaries were the single most frequently recorded monument type during the survey. They were visible either as earth banks or <a href=\"http:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/view\/22301364\/cropmark-archaeology-pdf-24mb-historic-scotland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cropmarks<\/a> that formed over the buried remains of a boundary bank or ditch, and a large number had ceased to function prior to the mid-19<sup>th<\/sup> century and were not depicted on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/tithe-map\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tithe maps<\/a> (e.g. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV106517&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV106517<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV106520&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV106520<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Some well-known prehistoric settlement sites were identified from cropmarks (e.g. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV10254&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV10254<\/a>), as well as a few that are new to the Historic Environment Record (e.g. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV105524&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV105524<\/a>). Abandoned medieval settlements were also visible as complex earthworks, including the newly recorded <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV106556&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV106556<\/a> close to the better-known settlement of Dowlands <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV11401&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV11401<\/a>. The gradual levelling of the earthworks of the latter could be traced through the aerial photographs.<\/p>\n<p>The second most frequently recorded type of monument is also of agricultural origin, but probably more recent than most of the field boundaries. Over 100 \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/historicengland.org.uk\/images-books\/publications\/iha-water-meadows\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">catchmeadow\u2019<\/a> systems, irrigating hill or valley sides using water channels from a pond or stream, were recorded and mostly interpreted as post-medieval or 19<sup>th<\/sup> century in date. All were new to the HER. Most were small in scale and take advantage of the steeply sloping combes leading to the coast, although some were very extensive (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV104838&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV104838<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h2>Industry<\/h2>\n<p>Small scale extraction pits were very frequently recorded all along the coastal strip, particularly the chalk and flint pits in the east.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1163\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1163\" style=\"width: 240px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/BerryHead1946.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1163\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1163 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/BerryHead1946-240x107.jpg\" alt=\"Quarrying at Berry Head Fort Number 3. RAF CPE\/UK1890 3209 10-DEC-1946. Historic England (RAF Photography).\" width=\"240\" height=\"107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/BerryHead1946-240x107.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/BerryHead1946-768x341.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/BerryHead1946-800x356.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/BerryHead1946.jpg 1654w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1163\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quarrying at Berry Head Fort Number 3. RAF CPE\/UK1890 3209 10-DEC-1946. Historic England (RAF Photography).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Several more extensive quarries were also recorded (e.g. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV106101&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV106101<\/a> and the large scale 20<sup>th<\/sup> century quarrying that impacted on the Napoleonic fort and prehistoric promontory fort at Berry Head in <a href=\"https:\/\/research.historicengland.org.uk\/Report.aspx?i=15723\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Torbay<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n<figure id=\"attachment_1164\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1164\" style=\"width: 1654px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/BerryHead1958.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1164\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1164 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/BerryHead1958.jpg\" alt=\"Quarrying at Berry Head Fort Number 3. NMR SX9456\/39 RAF 30137\/PSFO-P2-0034 27-AUG-1958. \" width=\"1654\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/BerryHead1958.jpg 1654w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/BerryHead1958-240x84.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/BerryHead1958-768x270.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/BerryHead1958-800x281.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1654px) 100vw, 1654px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1164\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quarrying at Berry Head Fort Number 3. NMR SX9456\/39 RAF 30137\/PSFO-P2-0034 27-AUG-1958.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1171\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1171\" style=\"width: 191px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/SeatonSaltworking.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1171\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1171\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/SeatonSaltworking-191x240.jpg\" alt=\"Possible saltern mounds at \u2018Salt Plot\u2019 on Seaton Marshes under snow cover in 1963 (MDV51123). The post-war part of the former Warner\u2019s holiday camp is visible on the bottom right of the image (MDV53277). NMR RAF\/58\/5607 F21 343 22-JAN-1963. Historic England (RAF Photography). \" width=\"191\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/SeatonSaltworking-191x240.jpg 191w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/SeatonSaltworking.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/SeatonSaltworking-478x600.jpg 478w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 191px) 100vw, 191px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1171\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Possible saltern mounds. NMR RAF\/58\/5607 F21 343 22-JAN-1963. Historic England (RAF Photography).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>More unusually, the probable remains of the historic coastal <a href=\"https:\/\/historicengland.org.uk\/images-books\/publications\/iha-preindustrial-salterns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">industry of saltworking<\/a> were recorded at Seaton. This had been documented in the 12<sup>th<\/sup> century and then from the early-18<sup>th<\/sup> century onwards, but had not previously been mapped.<\/p>\n<p>Mounds bearing a resemblance to salterns found along the coast in other parts of England were visible at \u2018Salt Plot\u2019 on Seaton Marshes (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV51123&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV51123<\/a>) on aerial photographs from the 1940s onwards, although not all have survived. Their form showed particularly well under light snow cover in winter 1963.<\/p>\n<h2>Maritime<\/h2>\n<p>From causeways to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV103925&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oyster racks<\/a>, a variety of marine or estuarine features were visible on aerial photographs. Wrecks and hulks were the fourth most common type of monument recorded during the survey, including a large number of hulks in the Exe Estuary (e.g. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV105599&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV105599<\/a>), but also the wreck of the Louis Sheid that ran aground off Thurlestone Sand in 1939 after being torpedoed by a German U-boat (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV43504&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV43504<\/a><em>) <\/em>and also possibly the medieval carvel-built \u2018Axe boat\u2019 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV105880&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV105880<\/a>).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1174\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1174\" style=\"width: 2000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/WreckLouisSheid.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1174\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1174\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/WreckLouisSheid.jpg\" alt=\"The Wreck of the Louis Sheid three years after it was wrecked off Thurlestone Sand. SX 6742\/4 MSO 31279\/PO-3092 12-FEB-1942. Historic England (RAF Photography). \" width=\"2000\" height=\"862\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/WreckLouisSheid.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/WreckLouisSheid-240x103.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/WreckLouisSheid-768x331.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/WreckLouisSheid-800x345.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1174\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Wreck of the Louis Sheid three years after it was wrecked off Thurlestone Sand. SX 6742\/4 MSO 31279\/PO-3092 12-FEB-1942. Historic England (RAF Photography).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Several previously unrecorded fish traps were also identified as post-built structures, perhaps obscured then exposed by the shifting estuarine muds and sands.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1169\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1169\" style=\"width: 240px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/FishTraps.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1169\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/FishTraps-240x111.jpg\" alt=\"Possible fishtrap structures in the Erme Estuary in 2007; note the looped structure top right. NMP mapping \u00a9 Historic England. The base map is \u00a9 Crown Copyright and database right 2014. Ordnance Survey 100019783. \" width=\"240\" height=\"111\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/FishTraps-240x111.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/FishTraps-768x354.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/FishTraps-800x369.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/FishTraps.jpg 1213w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1169\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Possible fishtrap structures in the Erme Estuary in 2007; looped structure top right. NMP mapping \u00a9 Historic England. The base map is \u00a9 Crown Copyright and database right 2014. Ordnance Survey 100019783.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Most were visible only on the most recent aerial photographs, maybe suggesting a change in erosion or accretion processes.<\/p>\n<p>One interesting \u2018looped\u2019 example (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV104118&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV104118<\/a>) bears parallels to others along the coast of Brittany and within the <a href=\"https:\/\/research.historicengland.org.uk\/Report.aspx?i=15714\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Severn Estuary<\/a>. Dating these is difficult but they may have a medieval origin.<\/p>\n<p>Other unusual features specific to this location include the rock-cut rutways at Maer Rock, Exmouth (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritagegateway.org.uk\/Gateway\/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV105340&amp;resourceID=104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MDV105340<\/a>), projecting into the intertidal zone for nearly 250 metres.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-1158 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/CartTrackAerial.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/CartTrackAerial-120x120.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Rock cut cart tracks at Exmouth.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-1165\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-1165'>\n\t\t\t\tRock cut cart tracks at Exmouth. Channel Coastal Observatory SY0179_20120917ortho.ecw 17-SEP-2012. Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme \u00a9 Teignbridge District Council\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/CartTrackGround.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2016\/02\/CartTrackGround-120x120.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Rock cut cart tracks at Exmouth.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-1166\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-1166'>\n\t\t\t\tRock cut cart tracks at Exmouth. Ground photograph: Stephen Reed.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p>They have been interpreted as being contemporary with a <a href=\"https:\/\/historicengland.org.uk\/images-books\/publications\/iha-preindustrial-lime-kilns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">limekiln<\/a>, and were possibly cut into the exposed rock to facilitate the transportation of limestone or coal at low tide, when the use of carts over beach sand might have been difficult or dangerous. Interestingly, further tracks have been identified during the survey.<\/p>\n<h2>Your comments<\/h2>\n<p>Would you like to share additional information on any of the sites we recorded from aerial photographs, or do you have a different interpretation? Let us <a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/\">know<\/a>! We read all submissions but unfortunately due to the volume of responses we are unable to respond personally to every comment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Between 2013 and 2014 an archaeological aerial survey of the south Devon coastline was completed by a project team of staff from AC Archaeology and Devon County Council. This used National Mapping Programme (NMP) methods and was commissioned by English &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/the-devon-historic-environment-record\/south-devon-rapid-coastal-zone-assessment-nmp-project\/\" aria-label=\"Continue reading South Devon Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment NMP Project\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":164,"featured_media":0,"parent":34,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-sidebar.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-1158","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-11 23:06:36","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1158","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/164"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1158"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1158\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4079,"href":"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1158\/revisions\/4079"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.devon.gov.uk\/historicenvironment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}