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Figure 3 LGA Sustainable procurement carbon hierarchy. Triangle with wide top, narrowing to point at bottom. Top/widest tier: “Rethink the Need” What is the required function? Can this be delivered without need for a purchase eg through enhanced social car collaboration? Second tier down: “Procure function” If a purchase is necessary, how can the required function be delivered in the best way? Does this mean co-designing or considering alternatives, including innovation? Third tier down “Reduce” if a purchase is necessary, is it possible to reduce the amount procured, through, for example, the application of ‘circular’ approaches? lowest/bottom/smallest tier “Specify” if a purchase is necessary, ensure the relevant specifications are applied that focus on relevant intended economic, social and environmental outcomes.