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The graphic shows a triangle, reflecting the different stages of support that pupils may need – the higher up the triangle, the increasing need there may be for Education, Health and Social Care support.

The base layer of the triangle shows the Universal offer that should be in place, including good quality teaching and learning, reasonable adjustments under the Equality act and support for pupils with medical conditions.

An arrow at the side of the triangle, pointing to the base layer gives examples of issues that may impact progress, including: housing, domestic circumstances, bullying, bereavement, quality of teaching.

The second layer of the triangle reflects that targeted interventions may be needed.

The third layer of the triangle shows where a pupil is making less progress than expected, despite short-term targeted interventions, and SEN support is needed. This applies to around 15,000 children and young people. The school decides how to support out of the school budget.

The tip of the triangle – the top layer – is where a pupil is not making progress despite appropriate actions and input from the setting. This is where EHC plans are needed, and applies to around 8,500 children and young people. The Local Authority makes this decision and provides High Needs Funding.