Congestion

Traffic jams mean more pollution from exhaust fumes - according to the National Society for Clean Air and Environmental Protection road traffic is responsible for 46% of total UK emissions of Nitrogen oxides, 75% of carbon monoxide and 20% of Carbon Dioxide.

Levels of many pollutants are higher within vehicles than at the roadside particularly in congested traffic, giving drivers higher levels of exposure than pedestrians

Poor air quality can be detrimental to health - adverse effects include an increase in severity of asthma, hayfever, wheeze and respiratory infections.

The Confederation of British Industry estimate that congestion costs UK businesses £18billion per year due to late and failed deliveries, lost productivity and lost business. (Environment Business Magazine Nov 2002)