ACID Causes ‘acid hydrolysis’ where the cellulose chains are broken, resulting in weak and enbrittled paper. The sources of acid in paper are papermaking processes, ink, storage mounting materials and atmospheric pollution.

HEAT AND DAMP Accelerates the effects of acid, encourages the growth of mould and fungi. Softens adhesives. Weakens paper fibres. Heat alone will desiccate fibres.

LIGHT Causes ‘photolysis’ where the cellulose chains are weakened resulting in weak and enbrittled paper, faded ink and pigments, and yellowing of wood-pulp paper. The U.V. part of light is the most destructive.

FLUCTUATIONS in humidity and temperature puts stress on the structure of highly hygroscopic materials ie. Books, resulting in distortion.

INSECTS AND RODENTS Feed off proteins in paper, adhesives, leather, parchment and most archive materials.

FUNGI AND MOULD Produce acids as by-products, damage size and fibres, leave documents open to further deterioration, and stain. They prefer an acidic environment for their development.

HUMANS Dirt from handling, physical damage, pen inks, elastic bands, adhesive tapes, paper clips.

DUST Air carried dust, mould spores, and dust containing metal particles which oxidise and cause staining.

BAD STORAGE Tight crammed documents and books, insufficient support (especially maps). Acidic and sulphurous materials used as packaging. Careless use of shelving.

ACCIDENT Fire, water, collapse of shelving.

To return to the Stopping the Rot